{"id":132005,"date":"2012-10-17T10:00:43","date_gmt":"2012-10-17T14:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.prosebeforehos.com\/?p=132005"},"modified":"2012-12-26T16:03:31","modified_gmt":"2012-12-26T21:03:31","slug":"when-capitalists-cared","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prosebeforehos.com\/article-of-the-day\/10\/17\/when-capitalists-cared\/","title":{"rendered":"When Capitalists Cared"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Article:<\/strong> When Capitalists Cared<\/a> by Hedrik Smith in The New York Times.<\/p>\n

The Text:<\/strong> IN the rancorous debate over how to get the sluggish economy moving, we have forgotten the wisdom of Henry Ford. In 1914, not long after the Ford Motor Company came out with the Model T, Ford made the startling announcement that he would pay his workers the unheard-of wage of $5 a day.<\/p>\n

Not only was it a matter of social justice, Ford wrote, but paying high wages was also smart business. When wages are low, uncertainty dogs the marketplace and growth is weak. But when pay is high and steady, Ford asserted, business is more secure because workers earn enough to become good customers. They can afford to buy Model Ts.<\/p>\n

This is not to suggest that Ford single-handedly created the American middle class. But he was one of the first business leaders to articulate what economists call \u201cthe virtuous circle of growth\u201d: well-paid workers generating consumer demand that in turn promotes business expansion and hiring. Other executives bought his logic, and just as important, strong unions fought for rising pay and good benefits in contracts like the 1950 \u201cTreaty of Detroit\u201d between General Motors and the United Auto Workers.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Riding the dynamics of the virtuous circle, America enjoyed its best period of sustained growth in the decades after World War II, from 1945 to 1973, even though income tax rates were far higher than today. It created not only unprecedented middle-class prosperity but also far greater economic equality than today.<\/p>\n

The chief executives of the long postwar boom believed that business success and workers\u2019 well-being ran in tandem.<\/p>\n

Frank W. Abrams, chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey, voiced the corporate mantra of \u201cstakeholder capitalism\u201d: the need to balance the interests of all the stakeholders in the corporate family. \u201cThe job of management,\u201d he wrote, \u201cis to maintain an equitable and working balance among the claims of the various directly affected interest groups,\u201d which he defined as \u201cstockholders, employees, customers and the public at large.\u201d<\/p>\n

Earl S. Willis, a manager of employee benefits at General Electric, declared that \u201cthe employee who can plan his economic future with reasonable certainty is an employer\u2019s most productive asset.\u201d<\/p>\n

From 1948 to 1973, the productivity of all nonfarm workers nearly doubled, as did average hourly compensation. But things changed dramatically starting in the late 1970s. Although productivity increased by 80.1 percent from 1973 to 2011, average wages rose only 4.2 percent and hourly compensation (wages plus benefits) rose only 10 percent over that time, according to government data analyzed by the Economic Policy Institute.<\/p>\n

At the same time, corporate profits were booming. In 2006, the year before the Great Recession began, corporate profits garnered the largest share of national income since 1942, while the share going to wages and salaries sank to the lowest level since 1929. In the recession\u2019s aftermath, corporate profits have bounced back while middle-class incomes have stagnated.<\/p>\n

Today the prevailing cut-to-the-bone business ethos means that a company like Caterpillar demands a wage freeze and lower health benefits from its workers, while posting record profits.<\/p>\n

Globalization, including the rise of Asia, and technological innovation can\u2019t explain all or even most of today\u2019s gaping inequality; if they did, we would see in other advanced economies the same hyperconcentration of wealth and the same stagnation of middle-class wages as in the United States. But we don\u2019t.<\/p>\n

In Germany, still a manufacturing and export powerhouse, average hourly pay has risen five times faster since 1985 than in the United States. The secret of Germany\u2019s success, says Klaus Kleinfeld, who ran the German electrical giant Siemens before taking over the American aluminum company Alcoa in 2008, is \u201cthe social contract: the willingness of business, labor and political leaders to put aside some of their differences and make agreements in the national interest.\u201d<\/p>\n

In short, German leaders have practiced stakeholder capitalism and followed the century-old wisdom of Henry Ford, while American business and political leaders have dismantled the dynamics of the \u201cvirtuous circle\u201d in pursuit of downsizing, offshoring and short-term profit and big dividends for their investors.<\/p>\n

Today, we are all paying the price for this shift. As Ford recognized, if average Americans do not have secure jobs with steady and rising pay, the economy will be sluggish. Since the early 1990s, we have been mired three times in \u201cjobless recoveries.\u201d It\u2019s time for America\u2019s business elites to step beyond political rhetoric about protecting wealthy \u201cjob creators\u201d and grasp Ford\u2019s insight: Give the middle class a better share of the nation\u2019s economic gains, and the economy will grow faster. Our history shows that.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Article: When Capitalists Cared by Hedrik Smith in The New York Times. The Text: IN the rancorous debate over how to get the sluggish economy moving, we have forgotten the wisdom of Henry Ford. In 1914, not long after the Ford Motor Company came out with the Model T, Ford made the startling announcement […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[259],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhen Capitalists Cared<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Today, it is a foregone conclusion that capitalists are in business to make money and nothing more. 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